ESS Chap2.2
39 単語
単語一覧(39)
energy flowthe movement of energy through an ecosystem
first law of thermodynamicsenergy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed
law of conservation of energyanother name for the first law of thermodynamics
second law of thermodynamicsenergy transfers are not 100% efficient, and some energy is lost as heat
produceran organism that makes its own food, usually by photosynthesis
primary produceran organism that converts light energy into chemical energy in biomass
consumeran organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms
primary consumeran organism that eats producers
secondary consumeran organism that eats primary consumers
tertiary consumeran organism that eats secondary consumers
top carnivorea predator at the highest trophic level
trophic levelthe feeding level of an organism in a food chain
food chaina linear sequence showing how energy is transferred between organisms
food weba network of interconnected food chains
photosynthesisthe process by which plants use light energy to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water
photosynthesis word equationcarbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
photosynthesis energy transformationlight energy → chemical energy
respirationthe process by which organisms release energy from glucose
aerobic respirationglucose is broken down using oxygen to release energy
aerobic respiration word equationglucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
respiration energy transformationchemical energy → usable energy and heat energy
biomassthe total mass of living organic matter in an organism, population, or trophic level
productivitythe rate at which biomass or energy is produced
pyramid of numbersa diagram showing the number of organisms at each trophic level
pyramid of biomassa diagram showing the biomass at each trophic level
pyramid of energya diagram showing the energy available at each trophic level
energy lossenergy that is not transferred to the next trophic level
energy lost as heatenergy lost during respiration
biodegradable pollutanta pollutant that can be broken down by decomposers
non-biodegradable pollutanta pollutant that cannot be broken down easily by natural processes
persistent pollutanta pollutant that remains in the environment for a long time
bioaccumulationthe build-up of a pollutant in an organism over time
biomagnificationthe increase in concentration of a pollutant at higher trophic levels
DDTa persistent insecticide that can bioaccumulate and biomagnify in food chains
mercurya toxic heavy metal that can bioaccumulate and biomagnify in aquatic food chains
contaminanta harmful substance that pollutes the environment
chemical energyenergy stored in chemical bonds, such as in glucose or biomass
light energyenergy from the Sun used by producers in photosynthesis
glucosea sugar produced in photosynthesis and used in respiration