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定義
aquatic food production
the production of food from freshwater or marine systems
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wild capture fishery
a fishery where aquatic organisms are caught from natural ecosystems
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aquaculture
the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish or seaweed
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fish farming
raising fish in controlled aquatic systems for food
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maximum sustainable yield
the largest catch that can be taken repeatedly without reducing the population’s ability to recover
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overfishing
catching fish faster than populations can reproduce
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overexploitation
using a biological resource faster than it can recover
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unsustainable harvesting
harvesting that reduces populations or damages ecosystems over time
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fish stock
a population of fish that is harvested
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bycatch
non-target species caught unintentionally during fishing
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net mesh size
the size of gaps in a fishing net
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minimum catch size
a rule that prevents catching individuals below a certain size
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fishing quota
a legal limit on the amount of fish that can be caught
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closed season
a period when fishing is banned to allow reproduction
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marine protected area
a marine area where human activity is restricted to conserve ecosystems
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sustainable fishery
a fishery managed so fish populations and ecosystems can persist long term
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multi-trophic aquaculture
farming species from different trophic levels together so waste from one is used by another
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integrated aquaculture
aquaculture system where different species are farmed together to reduce waste and increase efficiency
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ammonia
a toxic nitrogen compound released from fish waste and uneaten food
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nitrates
nitrogen compounds that can be taken up by plants or algae
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nitrification
the process by which bacteria convert ammonia into nitrites and then nitrates
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seaweed farming
growing seaweed, often to absorb nutrients and produce food or products
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shellfish farming
farming organisms such as mussels, oysters or clams
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feed conversion ratio
the amount of feed needed to produce a given mass of farmed animal
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fishmeal
feed made from processed fish, often used in aquaculture
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farm waste
waste from aquaculture, including faeces and uneaten food
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eutrophication
excess nutrients causing rapid plant or algal growth and oxygen depletion
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disease transmission
the spread of disease between farmed and wild organisms
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escapees
farmed organisms that escape into natural ecosystems
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genetic pollution
genetic mixing between escaped farmed organisms and wild populations
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ocean acidification
the decrease in ocean pH caused by increased carbon dioxide absorption
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climate change
long-term climate changes affecting ocean temperature, fish distribution and productivity
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trophic cascade
changes through a food web caused by changes in predator or prey populations
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plankton
small drifting organisms that form the base of many aquatic food webs
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