ESS chap5.1
36 単語
単語一覧(36)
soila mixture of mineral particles, organic matter, water, air and living organisms
soil systema system of inputs, outputs, stores, transfers and transformations within soil
soil profilea vertical section through soil showing different layers or horizons
soil horizona distinct layer in a soil profile with different physical, chemical or biological characteristics
topsoilthe upper soil layer, usually rich in organic matter and organisms
subsoila lower soil layer with less organic matter and more mineral particles
parent materialthe rock or mineral material from which soil forms
bedrocksolid rock beneath the soil
humusdark organic matter formed from decomposed plants and animals
organic mattermaterial from living or once-living organisms in soil
mineral particlesinorganic particles in soil formed from weathered rock
soil texturethe relative proportions of sand, silt and clay in soil
sandlarge soil particles that allow rapid drainage
siltmedium-sized soil particles that hold some water and nutrients
clayvery small soil particles that hold water and nutrients strongly
loama fertile soil with a balanced mixture of sand, silt, clay and organic matter
soil structurethe arrangement of soil particles and pore spaces
soil porositythe amount of pore space in soil
soil permeabilityhow easily water can pass through soil
soil waterwater stored in the spaces between soil particles
soil airair held in pore spaces within soil
soil organismsliving organisms in soil such as bacteria, fungi, worms and insects
decomposersorganisms that break down dead organic matter
detritivoresorganisms that feed on dead organic matter
soil inputmaterial entering a soil system
soil outputmaterial leaving a soil system
soil transfermovement of material within a soil system without chemical change
soil transformationa process that changes the form or chemical nature of material in soil
percolationthe downward movement of water through soil
leachingthe removal of dissolved nutrients from soil by moving water
weatheringthe breakdown of rock into smaller mineral particles
decompositionthe breakdown of dead organic matter by soil organisms
nutrient cyclingthe movement and recycling of nutrients through soil and organisms
soil fertilitythe ability of soil to support plant growth by providing nutrients and water
soil pHa measure of how acidic or alkaline soil is
soil successiongradual change in soil properties and soil communities over time