ESS chap8.3
45 単語
単語一覧(45)
air pollutioncontamination of indoor or outdoor air by harmful chemical, physical or biological agents
particulate mattertiny solid or liquid particles suspended in air
PMparticulate matter
PM2.5fine particulate matter with diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less
PM10particulate matter with diameter of 10 micrometers or less
nitrogen oxidesgases produced mainly by combustion that contribute to smog and acid rain
NOxnitrogen oxides
sulfur dioxidea gas mainly released from burning coal and oil that contributes to acid rain
SO2sulfur dioxide
carbon monoxidea toxic gas from incomplete combustion that reduces oxygen delivery in the body
COcarbon monoxide
volatile organic compoundsorganic gases that react with NOx in sunlight to form photochemical smog
VOCsvolatile organic compounds
primary pollutanta pollutant emitted directly from a source
secondary pollutanta pollutant formed in the atmosphere by reactions between primary pollutants
tropospheric ozoneground-level ozone formed when sunlight reacts with NOx and VOCs
ground-level ozoneozone in the lower atmosphere that harms health and plants
photochemical smogair pollution formed when sunlight reacts with NOx and VOCs, producing ozone and PANs
PANsperoxyacyl nitrates, secondary pollutants that irritate eyes and damage vegetation
acid rainacidic precipitation formed from sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides reacting in the atmosphere
acid depositionthe deposition of acidic substances from the atmosphere onto land or water
wet depositionacidic pollutants deposited through rain, snow or fog
dry depositionacidic particles or gases deposited without precipitation
transboundary pollutionpollution that moves across political borders
temperature inversiona condition where warm air traps cooler air and pollutants near the ground
insolationincoming solar radiation that drives photochemical reactions
stagnant airair with little movement, allowing pollutants to accumulate
urban air qualitythe condition of air in cities based on pollutant concentrations
indoor air pollutionair pollution inside buildings, often from fuels, smoke, VOCs or poor ventilation
tailpipe emissionpollution released from vehicle exhausts
catalytic convertera device in vehicle exhaust systems that reduces harmful emissions
low emission zonean area where high-emission vehicles are restricted
LEZlow emission zone
public transit expansionincreasing buses, trains or trams to reduce private car use and emissions
electric public transitpublic transport powered by electricity instead of fossil fuels
cycling infrastructurebike lanes and facilities that encourage cycling and reduce vehicle emissions
pedestrianized zonean area closed to vehicles to reduce traffic and pollution
natural screenvegetation used to filter pollutants and reduce exposure
urban green spacetrees and vegetation in cities that can improve air quality and reduce heat
lichen bioindicatorlichen species used to indicate air pollution levels
acidificationthe lowering of pH in soil or water
leaching of nutrientsthe removal of nutrients from soil by acidic water
aluminium toxicityharmful effects caused when acidic conditions release toxic aluminium ions
respiratory illnessdisease affecting breathing, often worsened by air pollution
cardiovascular diseasedisease of the heart or blood vessels linked to air pollution exposure