ESS chap4.2
33 単語
単語一覧(33)
water accessthe ability of people or regions to obtain safe and adequate freshwater
water availabilitythe amount of freshwater physically present in a region
water securityreliable access to enough safe water for human needs, ecosystems and development
water scarcitya shortage of available freshwater relative to demand
physical water scarcitywater scarcity caused by insufficient physical water supply
economic water scarcitywater scarcity caused by lack of infrastructure, money or governance despite water being present
freshwater supplythe amount of freshwater available for use
freshwater contaminationpollution that makes freshwater unsafe or less usable
adequate water supplyenough water of suitable quality for human and ecosystem needs
water demandthe amount of water required by households, agriculture, industry or energy production
water managementstrategies used to control, supply or conserve freshwater resources
rainwater harvestingcollecting and storing rainwater for later use
desalinisationremoving salt from seawater to produce freshwater
irrigationartificially supplying water to crops
drip irrigationa water-efficient irrigation method that delivers water directly to plant roots
water-efficient cropscrops that require less water to grow
droughta long period of unusually low rainfall
climate changelong-term changes in climate that can affect rainfall, droughts and freshwater availability
groundwater extractionremoving water from underground aquifers
over-abstractionremoving water faster than it can be naturally replaced
dama structure built to store or control water flow
reservoiran artificial lake used to store water
technocentric viewpointa worldview that favours technological solutions to environmental problems
ecocentric viewpointa worldview that prioritises ecosystems, natural limits and reduced human impact
domestic water usewater used by households
industrial water usewater used by factories and industries
agricultural water usewater used for crops and livestock
energy generation water usewater used in producing energy, such as cooling power stations
water conservationreducing water use and preventing waste
water pricingcharging for water use to encourage conservation
leakage reductionreducing water lost from pipes and supply systems
water recyclingtreating and reusing wastewater
greywaterrelatively clean wastewater from sinks, showers or washing that can be reused