ESS chap5.2
58 単語
単語一覧(58)
agriculturethe practice of growing crops or raising animals for food and other products
food production systema system used to produce, process and distribute food
food securityreliable access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food
food availabilitythe physical supply of food in a region
food accessthe ability of people to obtain or afford food
food utilisationthe ability to use food safely and nutritionally
food stabilityreliable food supply and access over time
food insecuritylack of reliable access to enough safe and nutritious food
commercial farmingfarming mainly for sale and profit
subsistence farmingfarming mainly to feed the farmer and their family
industrialised agriculturelarge-scale farming using machinery, chemicals and high inputs
traditional agriculturefarming methods based on local knowledge, labour and lower external inputs
monoculturegrowing one crop species over a large area
polyculturegrowing multiple crop species in the same area
crop yieldthe amount of crop produced per unit area
dependable food supplya food supply that is reliable and stable over time
unsustainable agriculturefarming that damages ecosystems or reduces long-term productivity
sustainable agriculturefarming that maintains productivity while reducing environmental damage
biodiversity lossa decline in the variety of species, genes or ecosystems
habitat lossdestruction or removal of habitats
hedgerowa line of shrubs or trees separating fields
staggered hedgerow cuttingcutting different hedgerows in different years to maintain habitat availability
soil degradationdecline in soil quality or fertility
soil erosionremoval of soil by wind, water or human activity
desertificationland degradation in dry areas causing soil to become less productive and desert-like
marginal landland with low agricultural productivity due to poor soil, climate, slope or water availability
soil conservationmethods used to protect soil from erosion and degradation
soil conditioningimproving soil quality by adding materials such as compost or organic matter
compostdecomposed organic matter added to soil to improve fertility
manureanimal waste used as fertiliser
crop rotationgrowing different crops in sequence to maintain soil fertility and reduce pests
cover cropa crop grown to protect soil and reduce erosion
terracingcreating stepped fields on slopes to reduce run-off and soil erosion
contour ploughingploughing along slope contours to reduce run-off and erosion
windbreaka row of trees or shrubs used to reduce wind erosion
mulchingcovering soil with organic material to reduce evaporation and erosion
fallow landfarmland left unused for a period of time
arable landland used for growing crops
pastoral farmingfarming focused on raising livestock
mixed farmingfarming that combines crops and livestock
cattle farmingraising cattle for meat or dairy
methane emissionsrelease of methane, often from livestock digestion
overgrazinggrazing too many animals, reducing vegetation cover and damaging soil
fertilisera substance added to soil to increase nutrient availability
pesticidea chemical used to kill pests
irrigationartificial supply of water to crops
salinisationbuild-up of salts in soil, often caused by poor irrigation
food wastefood that is produced but not consumed
LEDCless economically developed country
MEDCmore economically developed country
post-harvest lossfood lost after harvesting due to poor storage, transport or processing
storage infrastructurefacilities used to store food safely
transport infrastructuresystems used to move food from producers to consumers
consumer wastefood wasted by consumers after purchase
overproductionproducing more food than is needed or sold
desertification riskthe likelihood that land will become degraded and desert-like
landsliderapid movement of soil or rock down a slope
soil stabilisationmethods used to hold soil in place and reduce erosion