PontQuiz

species lossthe decline or disappearance of species from an ecosystem

human impactthe effect of human activities on ecosystems or biodiversity

habitat destructionthe damage or removal of habitats, causing species decline

habitat fragmentationthe breaking up of a large habitat into smaller isolated patches

overexploitationusing a species or resource faster than it can recover

overhuntinghunting animals at a rate that causes population decline

overfishingcatching fish faster than populations can reproduce

deforestationthe removal or cutting down of forests

tropical deforestationthe removal of forests in tropical biomes

loggingcutting down trees for timber or paper

cattle ranchingclearing land to raise cattle

plantation agricultureclearing land to grow commercial crops such as palm oil, soy or rubber

slash-and-burncutting and burning vegetation to clear land for farming

conservation statusthe risk level of a species becoming extinct

IUCNInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

IUCN Red Lista global list that evaluates the conservation status of species

endangered speciesa species at high risk of extinction in the wild

critically endangereda species facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild

extinct in the wilda species that survives only in captivity or cultivation

population sizethe number of individuals in a population

population trendwhether a population is increasing, decreasing or stable

geographic rangethe area where a species is found

breeding ratethe rate at which a species produces offspring

gestation periodthe time between fertilization and birth in mammals

reproductive ratethe speed at which a species can produce offspring

specialist speciesa species with a narrow niche or specific habitat/food requirements

generalist speciesa species that can survive in a wide range of habitats or use many food sources

ex-situ conservationconservation of a species outside its natural habitat

in-situ conservationconservation of a species within its natural habitat

captive breedingbreeding endangered species in controlled environments such as zoos

botanic gardena place where plants are grown and conserved outside their natural habitat

seed banka facility that stores seeds to conserve plant genetic material

reintroductionreturning a species to its natural habitat after conservation or breeding

invasive speciesa non-native species that spreads and causes harm in a new ecosystem

native speciesa species that occurs naturally in an area

non-native speciesa species introduced to an area where it does not naturally occur

introduced speciesa species brought into a new area by humans, accidentally or intentionally

competitive advantagean advantage that allows one species to outcompete another

interspecific competitioncompetition between different species

crop planting timethe season or timing when crops are planted

hedgerowa line of shrubs or trees separating fields

field mergingcombining smaller fields into larger fields, often by removing hedgerows

organic farmingfarming that avoids synthetic pesticides and chemical fertilizers

chemical insecticidea chemical used to kill insect pests

farmland birdsbird species that live in or depend on agricultural landscapes

vertebratean animal with a backbone

invertebratean animal without a backbone

charismatic speciesa species that attracts public attention and conservation funding

illegal wildlife tradeillegal capture, sale or transport of wild species

poachingillegal hunting or capturing of wild animals

captivitythe condition of being kept outside the wild under human control

small population effectthe higher extinction risk caused by very small population size

inbreedingbreeding between closely related individuals, reducing genetic diversity

tragedy of the commonsa situation where individuals overuse a shared resource for personal gain, causing long-term damage

exploitationthe use of natural resources for economic benefit

sustainable developmentdevelopment that meets human needs while protecting resources for the future

conservation conflicta disagreement between economic development, resource use and biodiversity protection

ESS chap3.2

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