← 戻る
セットを編集
保存
用語
定義
urban area
a built-up area with high population density, buildings and infrastructure
×
city
a large densely populated urban area with extensive infrastructure
×
town
a smaller urban area than a city, often serving local trade and services
×
suburb
a lower-density residential area on the outskirts of a city
×
rural area
an area with low population density and limited infrastructure
×
urban ecosystem
an urban area viewed as a system with abiotic, biotic and human components
×
urban system
a set of interacting urban components such as buildings, transport, people, energy, water and waste
×
urban store
a place where matter, energy or people are held within an urban system
×
urban flow
the movement of matter, energy, people or information through an urban system
×
urban input
a resource or flow entering an urban system
×
urban output
a waste product, emission or flow leaving an urban system
×
urbanization
the process by which populations move into urban areas and cities grow
×
rural-to-urban migration
movement of people from rural areas to towns or cities
×
push factor
a negative factor that encourages people to leave a place
×
pull factor
a positive factor that attracts people to a place
×
voluntary migration
migration chosen by people to improve their living conditions
×
forced migration
migration caused by conflict, disasters or other pressures
×
deurbanization
the movement of people out of urban areas into rural areas or smaller towns
×
suburbanization
the movement of people from dense city centers to lower-density suburbs
×
urban sprawl
uncontrolled expansion of low-density urban areas into surrounding rural land
×
built-up area
land covered by buildings, roads and other human infrastructure
×
infrastructure
physical systems such as transport, housing, water supply, sewage, energy and waste management
×
urban heat island
the effect where urban areas are warmer than surrounding rural areas
×
impervious surface
a surface such as concrete or asphalt that water cannot easily infiltrate
×
green space
parks, gardens, trees and other vegetated areas in cities
×
green infrastructure
urban natural features such as parks, wetlands, green roofs and urban forests that provide ecosystem services
×
urban resilience
the ability of an urban system to withstand and recover from disturbances
×
emergent property
a property of a system that arises from interactions between its components
×
urban planning
the process of making decisions about land use, infrastructure and development in urban areas
×
sustainable urban planning
planning that aims to create livable cities while reducing environmental impacts
×
SDG 11
a Sustainable Development Goal aiming to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
×
ecological urban planning
planning that treats cities as ecosystems and integrates human and ecological needs
×
urban compactness
dense and efficient urban development that reduces land use and urban sprawl
×
mixed land use
integration of residential, commercial, industrial and recreational spaces in one area
×
social mix
planning that mixes different income groups and housing types to reduce segregation
×
environmental justice
fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens among social groups
×
Doughnut Economics
a model aiming to meet social needs while staying within ecological limits
×
safe and just space
a condition where human needs are met without exceeding planetary boundaries
×
green architecture
building design that minimizes environmental impact and supports human health
×
bio-based material
a building material made from renewable organic sources
×
circular construction
construction based on reducing waste and reusing or recycling materials
×
passive cooling
building design that reduces heat without mechanical air conditioning
×
natural ventilation
building design that uses natural airflow for cooling
×
+ 単語を追加
このセットを削除する