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用語
定義
energy source
a source that provides usable energy for human activities
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renewable energy
energy from sources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale
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non-renewable energy
energy from finite sources that cannot be replaced on a human timescale
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fossil fuel
a non-renewable energy source formed from ancient organic matter, such as coal, oil or natural gas
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coal
a solid fossil fuel used for electricity, heat and industry
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oil
a liquid fossil fuel used mainly for transport and industry
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natural gas
a gaseous fossil fuel used for heating, electricity and industry
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nuclear energy
energy produced by splitting atoms such as uranium
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solar energy
energy from sunlight that can be converted into electricity or heat
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wind energy
energy generated from moving air using wind turbines
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hydropower
energy generated from moving water, often through dams
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tidal power
energy generated from the movement of tides
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geothermal energy
energy from heat inside the Earth
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biomass
organic material used as a source of energy
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biofuel
fuel made from biomass or organic waste
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photovoltaic cell
a device that converts sunlight directly into electricity
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wind turbine
a machine that converts kinetic energy from wind into electricity
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energy consumption
the amount of energy used by a person, society or system
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per capita energy use
energy use per person
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energy demand
the amount of energy required by people, industry or society
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energy mix
the combination of different energy sources used by a society
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energy security
reliable access to affordable and sufficient energy sources
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energy poverty
lack of access to sufficient, reliable and affordable energy
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energy conservation
reducing energy use through behaviour changes
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energy efficiency
using less energy to provide the same service
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intermittent energy
energy production that is not constant, such as solar or wind
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energy storage
storing energy for use when supply is low or demand is high
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battery storage
storing electrical energy in batteries
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pumped hydroelectric storage
storing energy by pumping water uphill and releasing it to generate electricity
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fuel cell
a device that produces electricity through a chemical reaction
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green hydrogen
hydrogen produced using renewable energy
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fossil fuel dependence
reliance on fossil fuels for energy and economic activity
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carbon emissions
carbon dioxide released from energy use or industrial processes
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decarbonization
reducing or ending the use of energy sources that emit carbon dioxide
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fracking
a method of extracting oil or gas by fracturing rock with high-pressure fluids
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energy transition
the shift from high-emission energy sources to lower-carbon or renewable sources
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subsidy
financial support that lowers the cost of an activity or technology
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carbon tax
a tax on carbon emissions to encourage reduction
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environmental justice
fair treatment of people in relation to environmental benefits and harms
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energy justice
fair access to affordable, reliable and clean energy
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