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用語
定義
atmosphere
the layer of gases surrounding the Earth
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troposphere
the lowest layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs
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stratosphere
the atmospheric layer above the troposphere that contains the ozone layer
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mesosphere
the atmospheric layer above the stratosphere
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thermosphere
the upper atmospheric layer where temperatures are very high
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ozone layer
a layer in the stratosphere that absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation
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atmospheric pressure
the force exerted by the weight of air
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air pressure
the force of air pressing on a surface
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greenhouse gas
a gas that absorbs and re-radiates infrared radiation
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carbon dioxide
a greenhouse gas released by respiration, combustion and human activities
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methane
a powerful greenhouse gas released from livestock, wetlands and decomposition
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water vapour
water in gas form in the atmosphere
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nitrous oxide
a greenhouse gas released from agriculture and combustion
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solar radiation
energy from the Sun reaching the Earth
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infrared radiation
heat radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface
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albedo
the proportion of solar radiation reflected by a surface
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insolation
incoming solar radiation received by an area
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convection
heat transfer by the movement of warm air or fluid
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conduction
heat transfer through direct contact
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radiation
energy transfer by electromagnetic waves
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atmospheric circulation
the large-scale movement of air around the Earth
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wind
moving air caused by differences in air pressure
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humidity
the amount of water vapour in the air
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condensation
the change of water vapour into liquid water droplets
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precipitation
water falling from the atmosphere as rain, snow, sleet or hail
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