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定義
protected area
an area managed to conserve biodiversity, habitats or species
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protected area design
the planning of protected areas to make conservation more effective
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reserve size
the area covered by a protected area
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habitat corridor
a strip of habitat that connects separated habitats or protected areas
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buffer zone
an area around a protected area that reduces human impacts
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edge effects
changes at the boundary between two habitats that can affect organisms
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core habitat
the central area of a habitat that is less affected by edge effects
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connectivity
the degree to which habitats are linked so organisms can move between them
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migration route
a path used by animals to move between habitats
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flagship species
a species used to attract public support for conservation
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keystone species
a species that has a disproportionately large effect on ecosystem structure and stability
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captive breeding
breeding endangered species in controlled environments
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breeding programme
a planned programme to increase the population of a species
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genetic management
managing breeding to maintain genetic diversity and avoid inbreeding
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studbook
a record of individuals and breeding history used in captive breeding programmes
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reintroduction
releasing individuals back into their natural habitat
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release site
the place where captive-bred or relocated organisms are released
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ex-situ conservation
conservation of a species outside its natural habitat
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in-situ conservation
conservation of a species within its natural habitat
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CITES
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
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wildlife trade
the buying and selling of wild animals, plants or their products
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trade restriction
a rule that limits or controls trade in certain species
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sustainable use
using natural resources at a rate that does not cause long-term decline
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habitat-based conservation
conservation that protects whole habitats and ecosystems
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species-based conservation
conservation focused on protecting a particular species
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ecosystem approach
conservation that manages the whole ecosystem rather than one species
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habitat management
the active management of habitats to support biodiversity
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habitat restoration
repairing damaged habitats so they can support species again
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regeneration
the recovery or restoration of ecosystems after damage
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rewilding
restoring natural processes and species to allow ecosystems to recover with less human control
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natural process
an ecological process such as predation, grazing, succession or nutrient cycling
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trophic cascade
changes through a food web caused by changes in predator or prey populations
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apex predator
a predator at the top of a food chain with few or no natural predators
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ecological argument
a reason for conservation based on ecosystem function or biodiversity
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economic argument
a reason for conservation based on financial or material benefits
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ethical argument
a reason for conservation based on moral responsibility
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ecotourism
tourism based on natural environments that can provide income for conservation
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ecosystem services
benefits humans receive from ecosystems
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cultural value
the importance of a species or ecosystem to human culture or identity
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medicinal value
the potential use of species or biodiversity for medicines
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traditional remedy
a medicine or treatment used in traditional practices
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overharvesting
removing organisms or resources faster than they can recover
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habitat-based approach
a conservation approach that protects habitats to conserve many species
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individual species-based approach
a conservation approach that focuses on one target species
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zoo conservation
the use of zoos to protect, breed or educate about endangered species
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public education
teaching people about biodiversity and conservation
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research value
the usefulness of conservation programmes for scientific study
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animal welfare
the physical and psychological well-being of animals
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captivity stress
stress caused by keeping animals in artificial environments
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loss of wild behaviour
the reduction of natural survival behaviours in captive animals
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low reintroduction success
low survival or breeding success after captive animals are released
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fragmented subpopulation
a small separated group within a larger species population
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endemic species
a species found naturally in only one particular area
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mature individual
an individual old enough to reproduce
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habitat protection
preventing damage to the habitats species depend on
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anti-poaching measure
an action taken to prevent illegal hunting or capture
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community involvement
participation of local people in conservation
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