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用語
定義
species
a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
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population
all individuals of one species living in a particular area
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community
all populations of different species living and interacting in an area
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ecosystem
a community and its abiotic environment interacting as a system
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habitat
the place where an organism lives
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niche
the role of a species in an ecosystem
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biotic factor
a living factor that affects an organism or population
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abiotic factor
a non-living factor that affects an organism or population
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limiting factor
a factor that restricts the growth, size, or distribution of a population
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carrying capacity
the maximum stable population size that an environment can support
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S population curve
population growth that starts slowly, increases rapidly, then levels off at carrying capacity
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J population curve
rapid exponential population growth when limiting factors are low
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predation
an interaction where one organism kills and eats another
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competition
an interaction where organisms compete for the same limited resources
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mutualism
an interaction where both species benefit
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quadrat
a square frame used to sample organisms in a specific area
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capture-mark-recapture
a method used to estimate the size of a mobile animal population
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Lincoln Index
a method to estimate population size using capture-mark-recapture
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ecological footprint
the area of land and water needed to support a population’s resource use and waste absorption
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