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用語
定義
mitigation
actions that reduce the causes of climate change
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adaptation
adjustments to actual or expected climate change impacts
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decarbonization
reducing or ending the use of energy sources that produce carbon dioxide
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renewable energy
energy from sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar, wind or hydro
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carbon tax
a tax placed on carbon emissions to encourage reductions
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carbon trading
a system where emission permits can be bought and sold
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cap-and-trade
a system that sets an emissions limit and allows permit trading
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carbon credit
a permit or certificate representing a reduction or allowance of carbon emissions
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carbon leakage
movement of emissions to countries with weaker climate regulations
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CBAM
a carbon border adjustment mechanism that applies carbon costs to imported goods
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net zero
a balance where greenhouse gas emissions are matched by removals
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carbon footprint
the total greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual, product or activity
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carbon dioxide removal
removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
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carbon capture and storage
capturing carbon dioxide and storing it underground or elsewhere
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CCS
carbon capture and storage
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BECCS
bioenergy with carbon capture and storage
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biofuel
fuel made from biomass or organic waste
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geoengineering
large-scale human intervention in the climate system
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solar radiation management
geoengineering that reflects sunlight to reduce warming
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SRM
solar radiation management
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CDR
carbon dioxide removal
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ocean fertilization
adding nutrients to oceans to increase phytoplankton growth and carbon uptake
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direct air capture
technology that removes carbon dioxide directly from the air
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DAC
direct air capture
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stratospheric aerosol injection
releasing reflective particles into the stratosphere to reduce sunlight
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adaptation plan
a plan to reduce vulnerability to climate impacts
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NAPA
National Adaptation Programme of Action for climate change
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adaptive capacity
the ability to design and implement effective adaptation strategies
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climate resilience
the ability to prepare for, respond to and recover from climate impacts
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loss and damage
harms from climate change that cannot be avoided through mitigation or adaptation
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UNFCCC
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
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COP
Conference of the Parties, where countries negotiate climate action
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IPCC
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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Kyoto Protocol
an international agreement setting greenhouse gas reduction targets for industrialized nations
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Paris Agreement
an international agreement aiming to limit global warming to well below 2°C and preferably 1.5°C
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NDC
Nationally Determined Contribution, a country’s climate action target
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subsidy
financial support given to encourage a particular activity or technology
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fossil fuel subsidy
financial support that lowers the cost of fossil fuel production or use
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climate finance
money provided to support mitigation and adaptation, especially in vulnerable countries
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Green Climate Fund
an international fund supporting developing countries in climate action
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stakeholder
an individual, group or organization with an interest or influence in an issue
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NGO
a non-governmental organization working independently from government
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climate policy
a government strategy or law aimed at addressing climate change
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green technology
technology designed to reduce environmental impacts
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smart grid
an electricity grid that uses digital technology to manage supply and demand efficiently
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smart city
a city that uses data and technology to improve sustainability and efficiency
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energy efficiency
using less energy to provide the same service
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behavioural change
changes in human actions or lifestyles to reduce emissions
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climate management
strategies used to reduce or respond to climate change
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climate intervention
direct actions intended to modify or manage climate systems
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free-rider problem
a situation where some benefit from collective action without contributing
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tragedy of the commons
overuse of a shared resource due to individual self-interest
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